The Benefits of HPV Vaccination

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States, yet it is often overlooked due to the stigma and misconceptions about its transmission and association with sexual activity.

“HPV is a virus that can infect various cells in the body,” explains Nerlyne Desravines, MD, a UT Health Austin gynecologic oncologist in both Women’s Health, a clinical partnership between Ascension Seton and UT Health Austin, and UT Health Austin’s Livestrong Cancer Institutes. “When abnormal cells are detected in a cervical screening, such as a Pap smear, it can indicate HPV infection.”

Learn more about cervical cancer screening.

<br>Common Misconceptions

HPV is frequently transmitted through sexual activity and can lead to a range of health issues. Some strains cause genital warts or lesions in areas such as the vulva, vagina, and anus, while others are linked to various cancers. “Oftentimes, the immune system can find and clear an HPV infection on its own,” shares Dr. Desravines. “However, if it is unable to fight off the virus, it lingers, causing cells to become abnormal and potentially turn into cancer.”

There is a common misconception that HPV is solely a sexually transmitted infection, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, but its transmission is a bit more complex. “HPV can be spread through skin-to-skin contact, skin-to-mucosa contact, and even through shared surfaces,” notes Dr. Desravines. “Approximately 80% of people aged 18 to 25 will contract HPV at some point, though most will clear the infection naturally.”

Many people think the HPV vaccine is unnecessary if they’re not currently sexually active or in a long-term relationship. “HPV can remain active for years, so assuming that current exposure is the only risk is a misunderstanding,” warns Dr. Desravines.

With 79 million Americans currently infected and 14 million new cases annually, HPV affects both women and men. “Over 80% of women and 90% of men will be infected with HPV at some point in their lives,” adds Dr. Desravines. “The HPV vaccine is crucial for reducing the risk of HPV-related health problems and addressing the widespread impact of this virus. Being informed about the risks and preventive measures enables individuals to make better choices for their health.”

HPV Prevention Tips

The HPV vaccine is designed to protect you and your loved ones from HPV infections. “The vaccine works by introducing a harmless part of the virus into your body, which stimulates your immune system to produce antibodies,” explains Dr. Desravines. “By developing antibodies against specific HPV strains, the vaccine enhances your immune system’s ability to prevent infections in the future.”

The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing infections that could lead to:

• Anal cancer
• Cancer of the mouth, throat, head, and neck
• Cervical cancer
• Genital warts
• Penile cancer
• Vaginal cancer
• Vulvar cancer

“The HPV vaccine is FDA-approved and can be administered at the same time as other vaccines,” adds Dr. Desravines. “While each HPV vaccine is highly effective and protects against different strains of HPV, Gardasil-9 is the most comprehensive HPV vaccine available in the United States.”

The Gardasil-9 HPV vaccine protects against:

• HPV-16 and HPV-18: High-risk strains causing various cancers.
• HPV-31, 33, 45, 52, & 58: Strains causing an additional 20% of cervical cancers.
• HPV-6 and HPV-11: Strains that cause 90% of genital warts.

“All genders benefit from HPV vaccination, as it reduces the risk of contracting oncogenic strains of the virus that can lead to cancer,” notes Dr. Desravines. “The HPV vaccine is routinely recommended for adolescents at the age of 11 or 12, but you can start the vaccination series as early as age 9.”

The HPV vaccine is administered as follows:

• A two-dose series for individuals aged 9 to 14, with a 5-month interval between doses
• A three-dose series for individuals aged 15 to 45 and those who are immunocompromised, with the following intervals:
  • 4 weeks between the first and second doses
  • 12 weeks between the second and third doses
  • 5 months between the first and third doses

“Pregnant individuals should postpone receiving the vaccine until after childbirth,” advises Dr. Desravines. “Be sure to consult with your healthcare provider to determine the best plan for you and your baby.”

Benefits of Vaccination

The HPV vaccine is most effective when administered before exposure to the virus. While it is ideally given before any HPV exposure, it can still protect against strains of the virus you haven’t encountered. “Originally, the vaccine was recommended for individuals aged 9 to 15 to ensure protection before sexual activity,” explains Dr. Desravines. “However, many sexually active individuals may not have been exposed to all HPV subtypes. The vaccine can still significantly reduce the risk of HPV-related cancers and other health issues, which is why the recommendation now extends up to age 45. It’s never too late to take steps towards better health.”

As a parent or caregiver, being actively involved in your loved one’s health journey is essential, especially when it comes to discussing the HPV vaccine. “Although talking about HPV and the vaccine can be challenging, it’s vital to empower your loved ones about their health,” says Dr. Desravines. “Engaging in open, honest conversations and addressing their questions can help them feel confident and well-informed about their decision to get vaccinated. Encouraging open dialogue not only reduces vaccine hesitancy but also supports better health outcomes.”

For more information or to request an appointment with UT Health Austin, please call 1-833-UT-CARES (1-833-882-2737) or visit here.